Akinremi Peter Taiwo

PRE AND POST DISASTER, NiGERIA A disaster refers to a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence from natural or man-made causes, which is beyond the coping capacity of the affected community. (NPDM) The pre-disaster stage includes prevention, mitigation and preparedness, while the post-disaster stage includes response, rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery In order to be able to tackle the great challenges posse by climate changes there exist two financial mechanisms to cater for disaster. Pre-disaster and post disaster financial mechanisms. Pre disaster financial mechanism involves insurance schemes, catastrophe bonds, contingent credit, international aids, voluntary mutual arrangement, etc. This financial mechanism can be use and solicit in catering for disasters of any kind. Due to building a resilient city, there arises increase in cost of building a low carbon emission city to reduce the effect of climate change, and in doing this financial

MANAGING DISASTER: WAY FORWARD Currently in Nigeria, the approaches adopted towards managing disaster are pro-active approach. The Nigeria Environmental Management Agency (NEMA) embarked on a new initiative in disaster risk management to contain disaster or emergency through pro-active deployment of resources and personnel. This is toward raising awareness and building of early warning system and response mechanisms that can help in term of hazardous period but this could probably be statement alone and not accompany with action. Over the years Nigerians have been experiencing disasters that left most people in a dire poverty situation with no or little help from the government and agencies which lacks capacity and wherewithal to intervene in such difficult situation. Till now in some part of Nigeria, the reactive approach are still in practice because mostly the disaster will have occur before any intervention could be made either indirectly or directly and this would h